A Review of Significant Challenges with Quantum Communication and Computing
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59461/ijdiic.v2i2.61Keywords:
Quantum Technology , Quantum Networking , Quantum Entanglement , Quantum CryptographyAbstract
Recent times have witnessed tremendous competition towards quantum optics in business as well as academia, motivated by rapid growth in quantum computing. Overall scalability of quant present invention relates generally has exceeded several orders of magnitude, whereas ubiquitous quantum computers has accommodated as many as hundreds of quantum bits (i.e., thousands of qubits). Robust machines are still being created. Therefore, ethnicity has motivated an immense amount of research papers and reports. For all those people who read would really like to learn further the concepts of quant communication and computing from the machine learning perspective, this article provides an introduction. It begins with such an informative approach until continuing well over key turning points and most recent developments in quantum computing. These core features of such a virtual network are broken down into four significant issues in this paper, each of which has been closely investigated. A, B, C, and D are quantum mechanics, networking, security, and algorithms, accordingly. The article wraps up with the major challenges, the significant research areas, as well as the latest developments.
Downloads
References
E. Gibney, “Quantum computer race intensifies as alternative technology gains steam,” Nature, vol. 587, no. 7834, pp. 342–343, Nov. 2020, doi: 10.1038/d41586-020-03237-w.
F. Xu, X. Ma, Q. Zhang, H.-K. Lo, and J.-W. Pan, “Secure quantum key distribution with realistic devices,” Rev. Mod. Phys., vol. 92, no. 2, p. 025002, May 2020, doi: 10.1103/RevModPhys.92.025002.
J. Aaron Lopez-Leyva, A. Talamantes-Alvarez, M. A. Ponce-Camacho, E. Garcia-Cardenas, and E. Alvarez-Guzman, “Free-Space-Optical Quantum Key Distribution Systems: Challenges and Trends,” in Quantum Cryptography in Advanced Networks, IntechOpen, 2019. doi: 10.5772/intechopen.81032.
S.-K. Liao et al., “Satellite-to-ground quantum key distribution,” Nature, vol. 549, no. 7670, pp. 43–47, Sep. 2017, doi: 10.1038/nature23655.
D. Deutsch, “Quantum theory, the Church–Turing principle and the universal quantum computer,” Proc. R. Soc. London. A. Math. Phys. Sci., vol. 400, no. 1818, pp. 97–117, Jul. 1985, doi: 10.1098/rspa.1985.0070.
M. Schlosshauer, “Quantum decoherence,” Phys. Rep., vol. 831, pp. 1–57, Oct. 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.physrep.2019.10.001.
K. C. Miao et al., “Universal coherence protection in a solid-state spin qubit,” Science (80-. )., vol. 369, no. 6510, pp. 1493–1497, Sep. 2020, doi: 10.1126/science.abc5186.
R. C. C. Leon et al., “Coherent spin control of s-, p-, d- and f-electrons in a silicon quantum dot,” Nat. Commun., vol. 11, no. 1, p. 797, Feb. 2020, doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-14053-w.
S. J. Devitt, W. J. Munro, and K. Nemoto, “Quantum error correction for beginners,” Reports Prog. Phys., vol. 76, no. 7, p. 076001, Jul. 2013, doi: 10.1088/0034-4885/76/7/076001.
T. van Leent et al., “Long-Distance Distribution of Atom-Photon Entanglement at Telecom Wavelength,” Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 124, no. 1, p. 010510, Jan. 2020, doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.124.010510.
V. Krutyanskiy, M. Meraner, J. Schupp, V. Krcmarsky, H. Hainzer, and B. P. Lanyon, “Light-matter entanglement over 50 km of optical fibre,” npj Quantum Inf., vol. 5, no. 1, p. 72, Aug. 2019, doi: 10.1038/s41534-019-0186-3.
S. Wengerowsky et al., “Passively stable distribution of polarisation entanglement over 192 km of deployed optical fibre,” npj Quantum Inf., vol. 6, no. 1, p. 5, Jan. 2020, doi: 10.1038/s41534-019-0238-8.
H. Hübel et al., “High-fidelity transmission of polarization encoded qubits from an entangled source over 100 km of fiber,” Opt. Express, vol. 15, no. 12, p. 7853, 2007, doi: 10.1364/OE.15.007853.
M. Pittaluga et al., “600-km repeater-like quantum communications with dual-band stabilization,” Nat. Photonics, vol. 15, no. 7, pp. 530–535, Jul. 2021, doi: 10.1038/s41566-021-00811-0.
J.-G. Ren et al., “Ground-to-satellite quantum teleportation,” Nature, vol. 549, no. 7670, pp. 70–73, Sep. 2017, doi: 10.1038/nature23675.
J. Yin et al., “Satellite-based entanglement distribution over 1200 kilometers,” Science (80-. )., vol. 356, no. 6343, pp. 1140–1144, Jun. 2017, doi: 10.1126/science.aan3211.
Y.-A. Chen et al., “An integrated space-to-ground quantum communication network over 4,600 kilometres,” Nature, vol. 589, no. 7841, pp. 214–219, Jan. 2021, doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-03093-8.
A. Einstein, B. Podolsky, and N. Rosen, “Can Quantum-Mechanical Description of Physical Reality Be Considered Complete?,” Phys. Rev., vol. 47, no. 10, pp. 777–780, May 1935, doi: 10.1103/PhysRev.47.777.
D. D. and R. Jozsa, “Rapid solution of problems by quantum computation,” Proc. R. Soc. London. Ser. A Math. Phys. Sci., vol. 439, no. 1907, pp. 553–558, Dec. 1992, doi: 10.1098/rspa.1992.0167.
M. A. Nielsen and I. L. Chuang, Quantum Computation and Quantum Information. Cambridge University Press, 2012. doi: 10.1017/CBO9780511976667.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 S.Subash Chandra Bose, V.Shafeeq Ahmed
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
